High-dose Vitamin C supplementation in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review

Introduction: Vitamin C supplementation has been seen as a supportive treatment to control and prevent complications of COVID-19 by enhancing the immune response against infection. However, the effects of high doses of this vitamin are not yet fully understood. Objective: To analyze the effects of high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This was a systematic review, using original studies published from April 2020 to November 2022 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The combination of descriptors registered in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used to search for articles were: (("vitamin C" OR "ascorbic acid") AND ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "coronavirus")). Original articles of clinical trials conducted with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and submitted to high-dose vitamin C supplementation were included. Results: Eligible studies included patients in intensive care units, wards, or outpatient clinics, who were given doses of vitamin C, ranging from 6,000 to 8,000 mg/day, with an average duration of 6.25 days of supplementation and mostly intravenous administration. A reduction in fever and myalgia was observed, as well as an improvement in oxygen saturation and lung impairment rate. Conclusion: The role of high-dose vitamin C in patients affected by COVID-19 requires further study, however, to date, the results have been promising for symptom reduction and improvement in lung function and oxygenation.

Introducción: La administración de suplementos de vitamina C se ha considerado un tratamiento de apoyo para controlar y prevenir las complicaciones del COVID-19 al mejorar la respuesta inmunitaria contra la infección. Sin embargo, los efectos de dosis elevadas de esta vitamina aún no se conocen en su totalidad. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de altas dosis de vitamina C en pacientes con COVID-19. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de revisión sistemática, utilizando artículos originales publicados desde abril de 2020 hasta noviembre de 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Web of Science. Para la búsqueda de los artículos se utilizó la combinación de descriptores registrados en Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): (("vitamin C" OR "ascorbic acid") AND ("COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" OR "coronavirus")). Se incluyeron artículos originales de tipo ensayo clínico realizados con pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 y sometidos a suplementación con altas dosis de vitamina C. Resultados: Los estudios elegibles se realizaron con pacientes ingresados en unidades de cuidados intensivos, salas o ambulatorios, a los que se administraron dosis de vitamina C que oscilaban entre 6.000 y 8.000 mg/día, con una duración media de 6,25 días de suplementación y vía de administración mayoritariamente intravenosa. Se observó una reducción de la fiebre y las mialgias, además de una mejoría de la saturación de oxígeno y de la tasa de compromiso pulmonar. Conclusión: El papel de las dosis altas de vitamina C en pacientes afectados por COVID-19 requiere más estudios; sin embargo, hasta la fecha, los resultados han sido prometedores en cuanto a la reducción de los sintomas, y la mejora de la función pulmonar y la oxigenación.

Syphilis detection rate trend in aged people: Brazil, 2011-2019.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend in the detection rate of syphilis in elderly people in Brazil from 2011 to 2019. METHODS: An ecological, time-series study with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The temporal trend of syphilis detection rates was analyzed according to the Prais-Winsten linear regression method. RESULTS: 62,765 cases of syphilis in aged people were reported. There was a growing trend in the rate of syphilis detection in aged people in Brazil. The increase was of approximately six times, with a mean increase of 25% each year (annual percent change [APC]: 25.0; 95%CI 22.1-28.1). The increase in the detection rate was identified in both genders and for all age groups, with emphasis on the increase in females (APC: 49.1; 95%CI 21.9-26.8) and in the group aged 70 to 79 years old (APC: 25.8; 95%CI 23.3-28.3). All macro-regions of the country showed an increasing trend, with emphasis on the Northeast (APC: 51.2; 95%CI 43.0-59.8) and South (APC: 49.2; 95%CI 32.3-68.3). CONCLUSION: The growing trend in the detection rate of syphilis in aged people throughout Brazil highlights the need for planning and developing effective and multidisciplinary prevention actions and assistance adapted to this public.

Consumption of ultra-processed products is associated with vitamin D deficiency in Brazilian adults and elderly.

Although studies show that the intake of ultra-processed products (UPP) has a negative impact on health, diet quality and dietary vitamin D, its influence on serum concentrations of this vitamin remains unknown; therefore, it is essential to verify the association between the UPP consumption and vitamin D deficiency. This is a cross-sectional, household, population-based study, carried out with 229 individuals aged 20 years or older, residents of the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. Socio-demographic, lifestyle, food consumption and anthropometric data were collected. Food consumption was obtained using a 24-h food recall, and foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification. Plasma concentrations of calcidiol-25 (OH) D3 were determined by HPLC. Crude and adjusted binary logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between UPP consumption and vitamin D deficiency. Most individuals aged 20-39 years were vitamin D deficient (52·1 %). UPP contributed 19·9 % to the energetic intake of the participant's diet. This contribution was higher for individuals with vitamin D deficiency (22·5 %, P = 0·04). In addition, a high intake of UPP was associated with twice the risk of vitamin D deficiency in comparison with low consumption of UPP (OR: 2·05; CI 1·06, 4·50; P: 0·04). Our results suggest that the consumption of UPP may have a negative impact on serum concentrations of vitamin D; more studies are needed.

Prevalence of overweight and association with lifestyle habits in adults: A population-based study

The objective of this study was to verify the association between lifestyle habits and obesity in a sample of adults from the "Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar no Piauí - ISAD-PI" (Home Health Survey in Piauí - ISAD-PI). A cross-sectional population-based household study was performed with a representative sample of 1,163 adults from the cities of Teresina and Picos, Piauí, Brazil who were participants of ISAD-PI. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data were collected utilizing a structured questionnaire adapted from other Brazilian population studies and analyzed using Stata. Most of the population had healthy lifestyle habits, with adequate consumption of fruits/vegetables and beans, as well as a low consumption of soft drinks, sweets, and red meats. Alcohol consumption was more prevalent among overweight individuals. Individuals who had the habit of consuming alcohol and those who consumed beans less than five days a week had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight. A higher prevalence of overweight was significantly associated with weekly frequency of beans consumption and alcohol intake.

El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la asociación entre los hábitos de vida y la obesidad en adultos en una muestra del Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar - ISAD (Encuesta de Salud en el Hogar). Estudio transversal de base poblacional y domiciliar, muestra representativa de 1.163 adultos, de los municipios de Teresina y Picos, Piauí, Brasil, de la ISAD-PI. La recopilación de datos sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida se realizó utilizando un cuestionario estructurado adaptado de otros estudios de población brasileños y analizado con Stata. La mayor parte de la población tenía hábitos de vida más saludables, con un consumo adecuado de frutas/verduras y frijoles, así como un bajo consumo de refrescos, dulces y carnes rojas. El consumo de alcohol fue más frecuente entre las personas con sobrepeso. Los individuos que tenían el hábito de consumir alcohol y los que consumían frijoles menos de cinco días a la semana presentaron prevalencias significativamente mayores de sobrepeso. Se observó dada la alta prevalencia de sobrepeso, que mostró asociaciones significativas entre frecuencia semanal de consumo de frijol y consumo de alcohol.

Prevalência de hipertensão arterial e fatores associados em adultos e idosos residentes em Teresina, Piauí: uma análise hierarquizada / Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in adults and older residents of Teresina, Piauí: a hierarchical analysis / Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y factores asociados en adultos y ancianos residentes en Teresina, Piauí: un análisis jerárquico

Introdução: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é um problema de saúde pública, com elevada prevalência em âmbito mundial. Inúmeros fatores, tais como idade, sexo, raça/cor, escolaridade, renda, acesso aos serviços de saúde e hábitos de vida são descritos como influenciadores da prevalência da HAS. A maioria deles é considerada modificável e controlável pela adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de HAS e fatores associados em adultos e idosos residentes em Teresina, Piauí. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 898 adultos e idosos. A amostragem foi probabilística complexa por conglomerados. O desfecho foi o diagnóstico autorreferido de HAS. Realizou-se análise hierarquizada em três blocos (características sociodemográficas, acompanhamento da saúde e estilo de vida) com cálculo de razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por regressão múltipla de Poisson. Resultados: A prevalência geral da HAS autorreferida foi de 27,9% e aumentou com a progressão da faixa etária. No modelo final, os fatores associados à HAS autorreferida foram: idade≥60 anos (RP=8,08; IC95% 3,72­17,52), sem escolaridade (RP=1,73; IC95% 1,18­2,54), última aferição da PA<6 meses (RP=2,64; IC95% 1,56­4,47), consumo regular de sal (RP=0,70; IC95% 0,52­0,93), circunferência da cintura alterada (RP=1,56; IC95% 1,29­1,90) e pressão arterial alterada (RP=1,64; IC95% 1,35­2,01). Conclusões: A prevalência da HAS autorreferida foi mais alta comparada com diferentes estudos nacionais e internacionais realizados nos últimos anos, com crescimento linear associado à progressão da faixa etária. Os fatores associados identificados refletem os grupos vulneráveis para HAS já conhecidos e outros podem ser resultados do crescimento da prevalência entre outras camadas sociais de maior renda. Diante da elevada prevalência da HAS em Teresina, da sua alta carga de morbimortalidade e de ser a principal causa evitável de morte prematura, torna-se necessário a intensificação das ações de promoção de saúde, prevenção do agravo e monitoramento do tratamento da HAS no município.

Introduction: Hypertension (HT) is a public health problem with high prevalence worldwide. Countless factors, such as age, sex, race/color, education, income, access to health services and lifestyle habits, are described as influencing the prevalence of HT, most of which are considered modifiable and controllable by the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HT and associated factors in adults and older people living in Teresina, Piauí. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study with 898 adults and older individuals. Sampling was complex probabilistic by clusters. The outcome was the self-reported diagnosis of HT. A hierarchical analysis was performed in three blocks (sociodemographic characteristics, monitoring of health and lifestyle) with determination of the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) by Poisson multiple regression. Results: The overall prevalence of self-reported HT was 27.9% and increased with age. In the final model, the factors associated with self-reported HT were: age ≥60 years (PR=8.08; 95%CI 3.72­17.52), no education (PR=1.73; 95%CI 1.18­2.54), last blood pressure measurement <6 months prior (PR=2.64; 95%CI 1.56­4.47), regular salt intake (PR=0.70; 95%CI 0.52­0.93), altered waist circumference (PR=1.56; 95%CI 1.29­1.90) and altered blood pressure (PR=1.64; 95%CI 1.35­2.01). Conclusions: The prevalence of self-reported HT was higher, compared to different national and international studies carried out in recent years, with linear growth, associated with age group progression. The associated factors identified reflect the already known vulnerable groups for HT, and others may be the result of the growth in prevalence among other higher income social strata. In view of the high prevalence of HT in Teresina, its high burden of morbidity and mortality and being the main preventable cause of premature death, it is necessary to intensify measures to promote health, prevent the disease and monitor the treatment of HT in the municipality.

Introducción: La hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) es un problema de salud pública con alta prevalencia a nivel mundial. Innumerables factores, como la edad, el sexo, la raza/color, la educación, la renta, el acceso a los servicios de salud y los hábitos de vida, se describen como influyentes en la prevalencia de la HAS, la mayoría de los cuales se consideran modificables y controlables mediante la adopción de un estilo de vida saludable. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) y factores asociados en adultos y ancianos residentes en Teresina, Piauí. Métodos: Estudio transversal de base poblacional con 898 adultos y ancianos. El muestreo fue complejo probabilístico por conglomerados. El resultado fue el diagnóstico autoinformado de HSA. Se realizó un análisis jerárquico en tres bloques (características sociodemográficas, seguimiento de la salud y estilo de vida) con cálculo de la Razón de Prevalencia (RP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) por regresión múltiple de Poisson. Resultados: La prevalencia general de HSA autoinformada fue del 27,9% y aumentó con la progresión de la edad. En el modelo final, los factores asociados a la HAS autoinformada fueron: edad≥60 años (RP=8,08; IC95% 3,72­17,52), sin escolaridad (RP=1,73; IC95% 1,18­2,54), última Medición de PA<6 meses (RP=2,64; IC95% 1,56­4,47), ingesta regular de sal (RP=0,70; IC95% 0,52­0,93), Circunferencia de Cintura alterada (RP=1,56; IC95% 1,29­1,90) y Presión Arterial Alterada (RP=1,64; IC95% 1,35­2,01). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de HAS autorreferida fue mayor, en comparación con diferentes estudios nacionales e internacionales realizados en los últimos años, con crecimiento lineal, asociado a la progresión por grupos de edad. Los factores asociados identificados reflejan los grupos vulnerables ya conocidos para la HAS y otros pueden ser el resultado del crecimiento de la prevalencia entre otros estratos sociales de mayores ingresos. Ante la alta prevalencia de HAS en Teresina, su alta morbilidad y mortalidad y ser la principal causa evitable de muerte prematura, es necesario intensificar las acciones de promoción de la salud, prevención del agravamiento y seguimiento del tratamiento de la HAS en el municipio.

Syphilis detection rate trend in aged people: Brazil, 2011-2019 / Tendência da taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas: Brasil, 2011-2019

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the trend in the detection rate of syphilis in elderly people in Brazil from 2011 to 2019. Methods: An ecological, time-series study with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The temporal trend of syphilis detection rates was analyzed according to the Prais-Winsten linear regression method. Results: 62,765 cases of syphilis in aged people were reported. There was a growing trend in the rate of syphilis detection in aged people in Brazil. The increase was of approximately six times, with a mean increase of 25% each year (annual percent change [APC]: 25.0; 95%CI 22.1-28.1). The increase in the detection rate was identified in both genders and for all age groups, with emphasis on the increase in females (APC: 49.1; 95%CI 21.9-26.8) and in the group aged 70 to 79 years old (APC: 25.8; 95%CI 23.3-28.3). All macro-regions of the country showed an increasing trend, with emphasis on the Northeast (APC: 51.2; 95%CI 43.0-59.8) and South (APC: 49.2; 95%CI 32.3-68.3). Conclusion: The growing trend in the detection rate of syphilis in aged people throughout Brazil highlights the need for planning and developing effective and multidisciplinary prevention actions and assistance adapted to this public.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas no Brasil no período de 2011 a 2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Analisou-se a tendência temporal das taxas de detecção de sífilis segundo o método de regressão linear de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Foram notificados 62.765 casos de sífilis em pessoas idosas. Verificou-se tendência crescente na taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas no Brasil. O aumento foi de, aproximadamente, seis vezes, com incremento médio de 25% a cada ano (variação percentual anual [VPA]: 25,0; IC95% 22,1-28,1). O aumento na taxa de detecção foi identificado em ambos os sexos e para todos os grupos etários, com destaque para o incremento no sexo feminino (VPA: 49,1; IC95% 21,9-26,8) e no grupo com 70 a 79 anos de idade (VPA: 25,8; IC95% 23,3-28,3). Todas as macrorregiões do país apresentaram tendência crescente, com destaque para as regiões Nordeste (VPA: 51,2; IC95% 43,0-59,8) e Sul (VPA: 49,2; IC95% 32,3-68,3). Conclusão: A tendência crescente da taxa de detecção de sífilis em pessoas idosas em todo território brasileiro evidencia a necessidade de planejamento e desenvolvimento de ações efetivas e multiprofissionais de prevenção e assistência adaptada a esse público.

ADAPTATION OF A PRACTICAL DISCIPLINE DURING THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT / ADAPTACIÓN DE UNA DISCIPLINA PRÁCTICA DURANTE LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UN INFORME DE EXPERIENCIA / ADAPTAÇÃO DE UMA DISCIPLINA PRÁTICA DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

The purpose of this article is to describe the activities and during the experience lived in the teaching internship the covid-19 pandemic. This is a descriptive study of the type of experience experienced in the teaching internship during the covid-19 crisis. The study was carried out during two academic semesters in the discipline of Nutritional Assessment in the Bachelor's Degree in Nutrition at a public university in Northeast Brazil. An adaptation of the face-to-face classes was made using tools (Google Meet, point online, Metimeter and Kahoot) and asynchronous (WhatsApp and SIGAA) tools, in addition to the Google Forms form for the evaluations. Despite the context, the teaching stage of the current pandemic teaching was carried out successfully and with an edifying learning of practice in Higher Education. The experience can share experiences and experiences with other trainee teachers, monitors and guiding teachers and the search for new methodologies and tools that help the teaching-learning process.

El objetivo de este artículo es describir las actividades desarrolladas y la experiencia vivida en la pasantía docente durante la pandemia del covid-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia vivida en las prácticas docentes durante la crisis del covid-19. El estudio se llevó a cabo durante dos semestres académicos en la disciplina de Evaluación Nutricional en la Licenciatura en Nutrición de una universidad pública del Nordeste de Brasil. Se realizó una adaptación de las clases presenciales utilizando herramientas síncronas (Google Meet, Power point online, Metimeter y Kahoot) y asíncronas (WhatsApp y SIGAA), además del formulario Google Forms para las actividades de evaluación. A pesar del actual contexto de pandemia, la pasantía docente reportada en este artículo se llevó a cabo con éxito y con un edificante aprendizaje de la práctica docente en la Educación Superior. La experiencia permitió compartir conocimientos teóricos y experiencias con los estudiantes de grado y con otros docentes en formación, monitores y docentes tutores y la búsqueda de nuevas metodologías y herramientas que ayudaran al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as atividades desenvolvidas e a experiência vivenciada no estágio docente durante a pandemia da covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência vivenciado no estágio docente durante a crise da covid-19. O estudo foi realizado durante dois semestres letivos na disciplina de Avaliação Nutricional no curso de Bacharelado em Nutrição de uma universidade pública do Nordeste brasileiro. Foi feita uma adaptação das aulas presenciais com uso de ferramentas síncronas (Google Meet, Power point online, Metimeter e Kahoot) e assíncronas (WhatsApp e SIGAA), além do formulário do Google Forms para as atividades avaliativas. Apesar do contexto atual de pandemia, o estágio em docência relatado neste artigo foi realizado com êxito e com uma aprendizagem edificante da prática docente no Ensino Superior. A experiência possibilitou compartilhar conhecimentos teórico e experiências com os graduandos e com os demais estagiários docentes, monitores e professora orientadora e a busca de novas metodologias e ferramentas que auxiliassem o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

Nutritional, Physicochemical and Structural Parameters of Mauritia flexuosa Fruits and By-Products for Biotechnological Exploration of Sustainable Goods.

Research background: Commercialization of Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) fruits in Brazil is at an early stage. Herein, we evaluate the nutritional value of pulp, peel and endocarp samples from buriti fruits, perform macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and analyze their physicochemical properties. Experimental approach: Size and mass, pH, sugar and protein contents, soluble/insoluble fiber, total titratable acidity and energy value of the samples were analyzed. Mineral profiling was performed by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and fatty acids and phytosterols were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples were also submitted to differential scanning calorimetry coupled to a thermal analyzer, and microstructure, morphology, surface and viscosity were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) with copper radiation. Rheological behavior was also studied. Results and conclusions: Lyophilized pulp had higher nutritional content of minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and energy than in natura pulp. Lyophilized pulp and its by-products showed suitable yields (>17.31%) and low a w, and potassium, manganese and monounsaturated fatty acid contents. Peels showed elevated amounts of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytosterols (ß-sitosterol and stigmasterol), and endothermic behavior. The reductions of calcium, magnesium and manganese ranging from 18.5 to 22.7% were observed following the lyophilization. Drying processes generated semi-crystalline powders. Both peels and endocarp contained higher amounts of insoluble fiber and lower contents of sugars. Similar results were obtained by microscopic morphological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and XRD analysis. Pulp and endocarp exhibited pseudoplastic non-Newtonian behavior, and flow behavior index values were lower than 1, while peels presented dilatant behaviour. Thus, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of pulp and by-products, such as peels and endocarp, are essential to support scientific research and exploration of new sustainable products. Novelty and scientific contribution: Processing and conservation techniques, like lyophilization, maintain the good quality of nutritional contents and bioactive compounds of buriti whole fruits, and can be used to extend their shelf life, preserve alimentary characteristics and provide wider purposes and availability. Such parameters may generate income and food security for local and regional communities.

Lifestyle associated with risk of metabolic syndrome in adults and the elderly.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between at least one of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome and the lifestyle of adults and elderly individuals in Teresina, Piauí. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study, with adults and elderly of both both sexes, living in Teresina, Piauí.. Data were collected using Epicollect 5 software (Imperial College London) in a mobile application (mobile). Pearson's χ2 test was used to assess the association between variables. The prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI), estimated by Poisson regression, to measure the strength of association between the study variables with the presence of at least one factor of risk for disease. The level of significance adopted was P < 0.05. RESULTS: The main habit as a protective factor for at least one risk factor for metabolic syndrome was the consumption of natural fruit juice once to three times a week (0.93), in addition to the current daily use of tobacco (raw and adjusted; 0.80) and irregularly active and active/very active physical activity level (0.86), which when adjusted increased to 0.89 in the latter activity level. The habit of drinking alcohol frequently/occasionally was 1.08 times more likely and when adjusted increased (1.10). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of at least one risk factor for this disease, according to lifestyle, deserves a warning for the population, as it is capable of harming health, especially at the level of cardiovascular impairment.

Prevalence of prediabetes in adults and its association with sociodemographic, nutritional, metabolic and mental disorders factors: Home Health Survey, Piauí, Brazil / Prevalência de pré-diabetes em adultos e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, nutricionais, metabólicos e transtornos mentais: Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar, Piauí, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate prevalence of prediabetes and to investigate its associated factors in adults living in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil Methods Cross-sectional, home-based study, with both genders adults in Teresina, Piauí. The prevalence of prediabetes was estimated using the fasting glucose test, and was classified according to the American Diabetes Association standards (≥100mg/dL; <126mg/dL). The associations between prediabetes and the variables: sociodemographic, anthropometric, food consumption, blood pressure levels, triglycerides and common mental disorders were tested. In addition, a variable was created to verify the association of the simultaneous presence of risk factors in the same individual. Data were reviewed using Pearson's chi-square test and Poisson regression for crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, considering a significance level of 5%. Results A total of 224 adults participated in the study, of which 154 (68.7%) were female, aged between 20 and 39 years (53.1%). An 8.04% prevalence of prediabetes was observed. A statistically significant association (p<0.05) was found between lower education (0 to 8 years of study; 17.3%) and increased triglycerides levels (≥150mg/dL; 13.7%). Higher gross prevalence (PR: 2.53; CI 95%: 1.05-6.05) prediabetes ratios were observed with 5 or more simultaneous risk factors when compared to individuals who had up to 4 simultaneous risk factors. Conclusion Low schooling, hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of five or more simultaneous risk factors were associated with prediabetes; however, these risk factors are subject to intervention. Therefore, this study points to the need for changes in lifestyle habits as a strategy for glycemic control and diabetes prevention.

RESUMO Objetivo Estimar a prevalência de pré-diabetes e investigar os fatores associados em adultos residentes em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal de base domiciliar com adultos de ambos os sexos em Teresina, Piauí. A prevalência de pré-diabetes foi estimada pelo teste de glicemia em jejum, e classificado de acordo com a Associação Americana de Diabetes (≥100mg/dL; <126mg/dL). Foram testadas as associações entre pré-diabetes e as variáveis: sociodemográficas, antropométricas, consumo alimentar, níveis pressóricos, triglicerídeos e transtornos mentais comuns. Além disso, foi criada uma variável para verificar a associação da presença simultânea dos fatores de risco no mesmo indivíduo. Os dados foram analisados com o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão de Poisson para razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram do estudo 224 adultos, sendo 154 (68,7%) do sexo feminino, entre 20 e 39 anos (53,1%). Verificou-se prevalência de pré-diabetes de 8,04%, com associação significativa (p<0,05) com a menor escolaridade (17,3%), e triglicerídeos elevados (13,7%). Observou-se maior razão de prevalência bruta (RP: 2,53; IC 95%: 1,05-6,05) de pré-diabetes nos indivíduos com 5 ou mais fatores de risco simultâneos quando comparados àqueles com até 4 fatores simultâneos. Conclusão A baixa escolaridade, a hipertrigliceridemia e a presença de cinco ou mais fatores de risco simultâneos apresentaram-se associados ao pré-diabetes. Entretanto, os fatores de risco encontrados são passíveis de intervenção. Este estudo aponta a necessidade de mudanças de hábitos de vida comportamentais como estratégia para o controle da glicemia e prevenção do diabetes.

Consumption of ultra-processed foods and anthropometric indicators in adolescents, adults, and the elderly in a capital city in northeastern Brazil / Consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e indicadores antropométricos em adolescentes, adultos e idosos de uma capital do Nordeste do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods and associate it with anthropometric indicators in adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Methods Cross-sectional, domiciliary, population-based study, comprising adolescents aged 10-19 years, adults aged 20-59 years, and elderly people aged 60 or older, residents of the urban area of the city of Teresina, Piauí. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, food consumption, and anthropometric data were collected. The analysis of variance test was used along with the Bonferroni post-hoc test and crude and adjusted linear regression with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The level of significance adopted was 5%. Results There was no significant association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and anthropometric variables in adults and the elderly. However, among adolescents, the results showed an inverse association, thus signaling a reduction in anthropometric indicators as the consumption of ultra-processed foods increases. Conclusion There was no association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and anthropometric indicators in adults and the elderly; however, among adolescents, the results showed an inverse association, which encourages the development of new studies, especially longitudinal ones.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e associá-lo a indicadores antropométricos em adolescentes, adultos e idosos Métodos Estudo transversal, domiciliar, de base populacional, compreendendo adolescentes de 10-19 anos, adultos de 2059 anos e idosos de 60 anos ou mais, residentes na zona urbana da cidade de Teresina, Piauí. Foram coletados dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, de estilo de vida, consumo alimentar e antropométrico. O teste de análise de variância foi utilizado juntamente com o teste post-hoc de Bonferroni e regressão linear bruta e ajustada com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Não houve associação significativa entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e indicadores antropométricos em adultos e idosos, entretanto, entre os adolescentes, os resultados demonstraram uma associação inversa, sinalizando redução dos indicadores antropométricos à medida que se aumenta o consumo de ultraprocessados. Conclusão Não houve associação entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e indicadores antropométricos em adultos e idosos, entretanto, entre os adolescentes, os resultados demonstraram uma associação inversa, o que incentiva o desenvolvimento de novos estudos, especialmente, longitudinais.

Effects of "Bacuri" Seed Butter (Platonia insignis Mart.) on Metabolic Parameters in Hamsters with Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the treatment with bacuri seed butter (BB) on body weight, growth, body mass index, lipid profile, atherosclerotic indices, and liver function in dyslipidemic hamsters. Freshly weaned, male hamsters were divided into four groups: (1) normal group (NG)-maintained with standard chow (AIN-93G); (2) dyslipidemia group (DG)-maintained with hyperlipidemic chow (AIN-93G modified) throughout the follow-up period; (3) bacuri seed butter 25 mg/kg/day (BB-25); and (4) bacuri seed butter 50 mg/kg/day (BB-50). BB groups (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) were also maintained with hyperlipidemic chow throughout the follow-up period, and the treatment started after 21 days receiving a hyperlipidemic diet to induce hypercholesterolemia and maintained for 28 days. No significant differences in triglycerides and total cholesterol were observed for BB-25 and BB-50 groups when compared with NG and DG groups. On the contrary, BB-25 and BB-50 induced both increase of HDL-c (51.40 ± 1.69 and 51.00 ± 2.34, respectively) and decrease of LDL-c (103.80 ± 6.87 and 100.50 ± 3.95, respectively) when compared with DG (41.00 ± 2.94 and 132.70 ± 9.41, respectively). In addition, BB promoted a reduction in the risk of atherosclerotic disease by decreasing (p < 0.05) the atherogenic index, coronary artery risk index, and LDL/CT ratio (p < 0.05) and increasing HDL/CT ratio. On the contrary, no changes were observed in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels or in body weight, growth, body mass index, or liver function parameters. Thus, bacuri seed butter at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day has positive repercussions on the lipid profile, more precisely on plasma HDL-c and LDL-c, and additionally promotes reduction in the risk of atherosclerosis in hamsters.

Sampling plan and methodological aspects: a household healthcare survey in Piauí.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the methodological aspects of the Piauí home healthcare survey (ISAD-PI) and assess the relation between sampling plan, precision, and design effects, assuming that population health surveys are relevant instruments for health monitoring. METHODS: ISAD-PI was a population-based cross-sectional study that analyzed the living conditions and health status of the population residing in urban areas in the municipalities of Teresina and Picos, in Piauí. Sampling was carried out by conglomerates in two stages: Primary Sampling Units and households. To calculate the sample size, we considered the stratification of the population in both cities, according to the age of the individuals. We evaluated the "non-response" rate (NRR) and estimated the proportions according to sex and age, as well as the prevalence of social determinants of health in order to assess the compliance of the sampling plan. Analyses related to the precision according to the coefficient of proportion variation of the standard error (Cv-pˆ) and the design effect (deff). Cv-pˆ less than 20% and deff less than 1.5 were considered adequate. The total NRR of households was 38.2% in Teresina and 38.3% in Picos. We carried out twenty-four proportion estimates in relation to age and sex and 48 prevalence of social and health determinants estimates, totaling 72 estimates. Among them, 71 had Cv-pˆ less than 20% and 61 had deff less than or equal to 1.5. CONCLUSION: Data generated from the ISAD-PI may contribute to the assessment of health and morbidity conditions in the population. Furthermore, methodological aspects employed in this research may serve as a basis for studies carried out in other cities in Brazil.

Metabolic syndrome in adolescents and antioxidant nutrient intake: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between metabolic syndrome and its components, and intake of antioxidant nutrients in adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of the data of 327 adolescents in a high school in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, pertaining to their socioeconomic background, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake (selenium; copper; zinc; vitamins A, C, and E), hemodynamics, and biochemical tests. The criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in adolescents were applied. Binary logistic regression was used to verify the association between metabolic syndrome and its components, and intake of antioxidants. The level of significance was established at p<0.05. RESULTS: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 7.0%, with a significant association between body mass index and blood pressure. Lower tertiles of copper and vitamins A and E intake were associated with high triglyceride and glycemic levels. The association with vitamins A and E remained after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: A significant association between lower vitamins A and E intake and metabolic syndrome components (altered triglycerides and glycemic levels) was found. Besides further studies on this issue, the need for health interventions was found, which ensures the appropriate intake of antioxidant nutrients during adolescence.

Metabolic syndrome in adolescents and antioxidant nutrient intake: a cross-sectional study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between metabolic syndrome and its components, and intake of antioxidant nutrients in adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of the data of 327 adolescents in a high school in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, pertaining to their socioeconomic background, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake (selenium; copper; zinc; vitamins A, C, and E), hemodynamics, and biochemical tests. The criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in adolescents were applied. Binary logistic regression was used to verify the association between metabolic syndrome and its components, and intake of antioxidants. The level of significance was established at p<0.05. RESULTS: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 7.0%, with a significant association between body mass index and blood pressure. Lower tertiles of copper and vitamins A and E intake were associated with high triglyceride and glycemic levels. The association with vitamins A and E remained after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: A significant association between lower vitamins A and E intake and metabolic syndrome components (altered triglycerides and glycemic levels) was found. Besides further studies on this issue, the need for health interventions was found, which ensures the appropriate intake of antioxidant nutrients during adolescence.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic control of pre-diabetic individuals: a systematic review / Efectos de la suplementación con vitamina D sobre el control glucémico en pacientes prediabéticos: una revisión sistemática

INTRODUCTION: research shows the potential effect of vitamin D supplementation with an improvement in the glycemic profile of pre-diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: this study evaluates the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control markers in pre-diabetic individuals. METHODS: we analyzed studies published over the last ten years, and indexed in the Science Direct, PubMed, and LILACS databases. We searched studies using health descriptors related to vitamin D, pre-diabetes, and glycemic control markers. We considered randomized controlled trials eligible for inclusion. All phases of selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out by two independent evaluators. RESULTS: we identified 309 articles, of which 4 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 3 studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation does not alter glycemic control markers in pre-diabetic individuals. Only one study showed a positive effect after supplementation with 60,000 IU/month of vitamin D3 for 12 months, with a significant reduction in the concentrations of glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, and two-hour postprandial glucose. CONCLUSION: there is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control markers in pre-diabetic individuals

INTRODUCCIÓN: las investigaciones muestran el efecto potencial de la suplementación con vitamina D con una mejora del perfil glucémico de los pacientes prediabéticos. OBJETIVO: este estudio evalúa los efectos de la suplementación con vitamina D sobre los marcadores de control glucémico en personas prediabéticas. MÉTODOS: analizamos los estudios publicados en los últimos diez años e indexados en las bases de datos Science Direct, PubMed y LILACS. Se realizaron búsquedas de estudios mediante descriptores de salud relacionados con la vitamina D, la prediabetes y los marcadores de control glucémico. Los ensayos controlados y aleatorizados se consideraron elegibles para su inclusión. Todas las fases de selección, extracción de datos y evaluación del riesgo de sesgos fueron realizadas por dos evaluadores independientes. RESULTADOS: identificamos 309 artículos, de los que 4 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. De estos, 3 estudios demostraron que la suplementación con vitamina D no altera los marcadores de control glucémico en las personas prediabéticas. Solo un estudio mostró un efecto positivo después de la suplementación de 60.000 UI/mes de vitamina D3 durante 12 meses, con una reducción significativa de las concentraciones de hemoglobina glucosilada, glucosa en ayunas y glucosa posprandial a las dos horas. CONCLUSIÓN: no hay evidencia científica suficiente para confirmar los efectos beneficiosos de la suplementación de vitamina D sobre los marcadores de control glucémico en las personas prediabéticas

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic control of pre-diabetic individuals: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: research shows the potential effect of vitamin D supplementation with an improvement in the glycemic profile of pre-diabetic patients. Objective: this study evaluates the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control markers in pre-diabetic individuals. Methods: we analyzed studies published over the last ten years, and indexed in the Science Direct, PubMed, and LILACS databases. We searched studies using health descriptors related to vitamin D, pre-diabetes, and glycemic control markers. We considered randomized controlled trials eligible for inclusion. All phases of selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out by two independent evaluators. Results: we identified 309 articles, of which 4 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 3 studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation does not alter glycemic control markers in pre-diabetic individuals. Only one study showed a positive effect after supplementation with 60,000 IU/month of vitamin D3 for 12 months, with a significant reduction in the concentrations of glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, and two-hour postprandial glucose. Conclusion: there is insufficient scientific evidence to confirm the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic control markers in pre-diabetic individuals.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: las investigaciones muestran el efecto potencial de la suplementación con vitamina D con una mejora del perfil glucémico de los pacientes prediabéticos. Objetivo: este estudio evalúa los efectos de la suplementación con vitamina D sobre los marcadores de control glucémico en personas prediabéticas. Métodos: analizamos los estudios publicados en los últimos diez años e indexados en las bases de datos Science Direct, PubMed y LILACS. Se realizaron búsquedas de estudios mediante descriptores de salud relacionados con la vitamina D, la prediabetes y los marcadores de control glucémico. Los ensayos controlados y aleatorizados se consideraron elegibles para su inclusión. Todas las fases de selección, extracción de datos y evaluación del riesgo de sesgos fueron realizadas por dos evaluadores independientes. Resultados: identificamos 309 artículos, de los que 4 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. De estos, 3 estudios demostraron que la suplementación con vitamina D no altera los marcadores de control glucémico en las personas prediabéticas. Solo un estudio mostró un efecto positivo después de la suplementación de 60.000 UI/mes de vitamina D3 durante 12 meses, con una reducción significativa de las concentraciones de hemoglobina glucosilada, glucosa en ayunas y glucosa posprandial a las dos horas. Conclusión: no hay evidencia científica suficiente para confirmar los efectos beneficiosos de la suplementación de vitamina D sobre los marcadores de control glucémico en las personas prediabéticas.

Sampling plan and methodological aspects: a household healthcare survey in Piauí / Plano de amostragem e aspectos metodológicos: inquérito de saúde domiciliar no Piauí

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological aspects of the Piauí home healthcare survey (ISAD-PI) and assess the relation between sampling plan, precision, and design effects, assuming that population health surveys are relevant instruments for health monitoring. METHODS ISAD-PI was a population-based cross-sectional study that analyzed the living conditions and health status of the population residing in urban areas in the municipalities of Teresina and Picos, in Piauí. Sampling was carried out by conglomerates in two stages: Primary Sampling Units and households. To calculate the sample size, we considered the stratification of the population in both cities, according to the age of the individuals. We evaluated the "non-response" rate (NRR) and estimated the proportions according to sex and age, as well as the prevalence of social determinants of health in order to assess the compliance of the sampling plan. Analyses related to the precision according to the coefficient of proportion variation of the standard error (Cv-pˆ) and the design effect (deff). Cv-pˆ less than 20% and deff less than 1.5 were considered adequate. The total NRR of households was 38.2% in Teresina and 38.3% in Picos. We carried out twenty-four proportion estimates in relation to age and sex and 48 prevalence of social and health determinants estimates, totaling 72 estimates. Among them, 71 had Cv-pˆ less than 20% and 61 had deff less than or equal to 1.5. CONCLUSION Data generated from the ISAD-PI may contribute to the assessment of health and morbidity conditions in the population. Furthermore, methodological aspects employed in this research may serve as a basis for studies carried out in other cities in Brazil.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever os aspectos metodológicos do Inquérito de Saúde Domiciliar no Piauí (ISAD-PI), bem como avaliar a conformidade do plano amostral em relação à precisão e aos efeitos do desenho, dado que os inquéritos populacionais de saúde constituem instrumentos importantes para o monitoramento da situação de saúde da população. MÉTODOS O ISAD-PI foi um estudo de base populacional, transversal, que analisou as condições de vida e situação de saúde da população residente nas áreas urbanas dos municípios de Teresina e Picos, no Piauí. A amostragem foi realizada por conglomerados, em dois estágios: Unidades Primárias de Amostragem e domicílios. Para o cálculo do tamanho da amostra, considerou-se a estratificação da população de ambas as cidades, de acordo com a idade dos indivíduos, para ambos os sexos. Para avaliação da conformidade do plano amostral, foi avaliada a taxa de "não-resposta" (TNR) e, além disso, as estimativas de proporções segundo sexo e idade, bem como as prevalências de determinantes sociais de saúde, que foram analisadas em relação à precisão por meio do coeficiente de variação da proporção do erro padrão (Cv-pˆ) e do efeito do delineamento (deff). Foram considerados adequados Cv-pˆ menores que 20%, e deff menores que 1,5. A TNR-Total dos domicílios foi de 38,2% em Teresina e de 38,3% em Picos. Foram realizadas 24 estimativas de proporção em relação à idade e ao sexo e 48 estimativas de prevalência de determinantes sociais e de saúde, totalizando 72 estimativas, das quais 71 apresentaram Cv-pˆ menor que 20% e 61 apresentaram deff menor ou igual a 1,5. CONCLUSÃO Dados gerados a partir do ISAD-PI poderão contribuir para a avaliação das condições de saúde e morbidade na população. Ademais, aspectos metodológicos empregados nesta pesquisa poderão servir de base para estudos realizados em outras cidades do Brasil.